For existing zones there is already data on map.dbc , what you probably need or forgot is making the patch through MPQ. You don't need to edit anything on dbcs for editing blizz-zones as I said, edit, save it, make the patch and you're done. Mybe you didn't include the required files on patch, or whatever if you have any questions just ask.
Noggit never edits neither extracts DBCs, which means that there will never ever by DBFilesClient folder created by it and that map.dbc will never just appear there. In case you want to have that DBC there, you need to create that folder and extract and put there that DBC on your own. And yes, you don't need to edit that DBC at all if you are not creating a new mup, while you are just editing one already existing.About that problem that changes don't appear in game... Make sure your MPQ has name "patch-(one letter or number from ASCII).mpq". "ChangedGOldshire.mpq" won't work for game client. Also make sure that when editing blizzlike data, you keep name of files and path to them. Goldshire ADTs must keep their name (Azeroth_xx_yy) and must be in your MPQ in world/maps/azeroth/ folder.